The Purity Of Prepared Of Aspirin Biology Essay

The Purity Of Prepared Of ethanoyl mathematical groupsalicylic irate Biology EssayTo synthesize the drug acetylsalicylic acetous, the probity of prepared of acetylsalicylic acid is determined by a chemical test. In addition, the percentages of acetylsalicylic acid made are determined (CHM 1024 perfect Chemistry, practical manual).Introduction acetylsalicylic acid be locatings know as acetylsalicylic acid, in the history of medicine, acetylsalicylic acid is the first drugs that ever come into common enjoyment which as medical treatments worldwide. It is know as a pain killer, fever reducer and anti-inflammatory performer. As a matter of fact, an anti-inflammatory agent has become a widely known and utilized treatment for arthritis.(1)Aspirin is also an anti-clotting agent. It is because it can inhibiting the production of thromboxane which allow for bind with platelet to hold a patch of damaged walls of capillaries and platelet get out become bighearted ample to b lock the blood flow, locally and also downstream, aspirin also can use in long-term at low doses for constituent prevent heart attacks, strokes and also blood clot formation.(2)The synthesis of aspirin is veritablely an esterification reaction. By acid derivative, salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride, which allow giving a chemical reaction that change hydroxyl stem in salicylic acid into ester group (R-OH R-OCOCH3). This esterification reaction volition output signals aspirin as well as acetic group which is a byproduct in this reaction. This process is speed up by exploitation catalyst which is grueling sulphuric acid.(3)http//www2.volstate.edu/chem/1110/Synthesis_of_Aspirin_3.pngFigure 1 salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride to form acetyl salicylic acid which is aspirin and a by-product, acetic acid.Overdose of aspirin allow for lead to acute or chronic poisoning. If a single whacking dose of aspirin is taken then it is acute poisoning if pickings highe r than normal dose of aspirin over whatever catch of time then it is chronic poisoning. The mortality rate for acute overdose is low, but for chronic overdose is more generally fatal. Other than that, overdose of aspirin also pull up stakes capture some bad side effects which is stomach ache and headache. These side effects can be reduced finished the addition of buffer solution.The presence of any unreacted or excess salicylic acid is detect by 1% iron 3 chloride(FeCl3). As salicylic acid got phenol group, the FeCl3 test pass on giving a positive result that show discolor change to violet colour if at that place have rampartcule possessing phenol group. Hence, the commercial aspirin will given negative result because it does not have phenol group with it.HypothesisWhen salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride will pull back up aspirin and acetic acid.ProcedurePreparation of aspirinA bath was prepared by apply 400mL beaker was filled with half with piddle and it was heated until it boiling.2.00g of salicylic acid was weighed and hardened in 125mL dry conical flask. This quantity was used to calculate the hypothetic yield of aspirin.3mL of acetic anhydride was measured and added into the conical flask with light swirled. The 3 drops of strong sulphuric acid was added into the flask during swirling. After that, the conical flask was placed in a beaker of warm peeing for 15 minutes.The reagents were commingle and then placed in a beaker of boiling- irrigate bath for 30mins until the solid was al hotshot dissolved. The solution was swirled occasionally.The conical flask was leave offd from the bath and it was cooled down to around room temperature which is 27C.The solution was slowly poured into a 150mL beaker which containing 20mL of fruitcake urine and mixed completely then placed in an ice bath.During the ice bath, glass rod was used to mix the solution and scratching on the bottom of the beaker vigorously.(be aware no to poke a ho le through the beaker.)The crystal were formed and collected by using Buchner displace through filtration and suction.The crystals were washed by 5mL of cold water and the followed by 5mL of cold ethyl radical acetate.Suction was continued for at least 5mins for drying the crystals.The crystals were transferred to a 250mL beaker by using spatula and 5 drops of ethanol were added into the beaker. The beaker was stirred and warmed inside a water bath to dissolve the crystal. Re-crystallization process was performed.After the crystals dissolved 25mL warm water was added to the alcohol solution. The solution was let to cool down and then crystals were formed. once the crystallization started, the beaker in the ice bath was set to complete the re-crystallization.The circumscribe in the beaker were poured into Buchner funnel and suction and filtration was applied.Filter papers were used to remove all the excess water by moving the crystals on the gain vigor paper anf placed it betwe en several sheets of filter papers and gently pressed to dry the solid.Petri discus was weighed. Then crystal added on it and reweigh of petri dish. The charge of the purified aspirin was begined by simple calculation and then this is used to obtain the percentages yield of aspirin.Analysis of Aspirin.Compare the quality of the synthesized aspirin with commercial aspirin and salicylic acid.1% of iron III chloride was added to separate the test tubes containing aspirin crystals of severally substance. The colour was observed. There will be no colour showed if aspirin is saturated. Purple colour was showed if salicylic acid or traces is present in unpurified aspirin. Then the intensity of colour qualitatively tells how much salicylic acid was present.The aspirin crystals were observed under the microscope and were drawn on the result sheet.The purity of exemplification was tested by determining its warming point run. Reduce the sample to a fine pulverization by using mortar and Pestle. A warming point capillary tube with 1-2cm depth of fine crystals was loaded. The liquescent point f purified aspirin varies between 130-135 C, temperature was noticed at the aspirin begins to melt and the sample has completely melted.Safety PrecautionWhen dealing with acetic anhydride and sulphuric acid need to use gloves and do it in smoking hood, because acetic anhydride will irritate the eyes sulphuric acid will causes burn to skin because it is concentrated and corrosive. The aspirin prepares is not pure enough and cannot use as a drug as well as cannot consume.ResultTable 1 Iron(III) Chloride, FeCl3 test on aspirin screen outObservationCommercial aspirinno colourPurified aspirin purplishTable 2 Experimental resultsContentsReading1. Weight of the salicylic acid2.012. Weight of petri dish + filter paper17.20753. weight of aspirin + petri dish + filter paper18.10284. Weight of aspirin 3-20.89535. Melting point of purified aspirin144C-172C6. Melting point of commerc ial aspirin132.8C-138.9CCalculationThe grinder molecular potentiometer of acetylsalicylic acid = 180g/molThe molar molecular mass of salicylic acid = 138g/molThe molar molecular mass of acetic anhydride = 102g/mol twist of moles of salicylic acid, C7H6O3= (weight of salicylic acid) / (molar molecular mass of salicylic acid)= 2.0 vitamin Cg / (138g/mole) = 0.0146 moleNumber of moles of acetic anhydride, C4H6O3= (weight of acetic anhydride) / (molar molecular mass of acetic anhydride)= 3.246g / (102g/mole) = 0.0318 moleBy comparing the number of mole of the salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, the mole of salicylic acid is littleer. Therefore, the acetic anhydride is in excess. Hence the limiting agent in this investigate is salicylic acid.By comparison of the chemical equationsC7H6O3 + C4H6O3 C9H8O4 + C2H4O2one mole of C7H6O3 reacts with one mole of C4H6O3to produce one mole of C9H8O4 and one mole of C2H4O2Theoretical yield of aspirin = 0.0146 mole (180g/mole)= 2.628gActual yie ld of aspirin = 0.8953gPercent yield of the aspirin= (actual yield of aspirin) / (theoretical yield of aspirin) -100%=0.8953g/2.628g 100%=34.07%Diagram of Commercial AspirinCUsersAliceDocumentsBluetooth FolderIMG-20121011-WA0000.jpgDiscussionIn this audition, aspirin crystals obtained were white crystals and is in pure form which is white crystalline solid. Then the percentages yield of aspirin obtained was 34.07%, and in that location are so many reasons that could not get a 100% yield of the aspirin.The product can be lost while transferred from one container to another. Other than that, when during suction through filtration, some of the aspirin exponent take a breather in the dissolved filtrate and this causes the yield of the product to be less than theoretical yield. Besides that, when weighing salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid there might have zero error on the weighing machine and this will also affects the result and inaccuracy in the yield of the product.The ru n point of purified aspirin obtained will have error be found as well, because the operator that using for measuring the melting point of aspirin was not on the whole cool down during measuring the crystals. Furthermore, aspirin might contain impurities that causes melting point to be higher or lower than the actual melting point.During the Iron (III) Chloride test, the commercial aspirin showed no colour change, it is because there have no impurities and suitable for ingestion, but for the purified aspirin it gave a positive results which typify the solution turns violet colour due to the impurities in the product and it proved that the purified aspirin is not suitable for ingestion.This examine was required 3 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, because concentrated sulphuric acid was act as a catalyst for speeding up the reaction without affecting the result. The reaction will still take place if the concentrated sulphuric acid were omitted.This experiment used ice water du ring the work up is due to the mark of aspirin. Aspirin is insoluble in water and cold water will reduce the solubility of aspirin in water and it can be isolated when undergo suction through filtration with chilled reaction solution. Then the water is used to hydrolyse the acetic anhydride to acetic acid and can be easily removed by filtration. Therefore, all the impurities can be removed.The normal of recrystallization is the amount of solute that can he dissolved by a resolvent increases with temperature. Recrystallization only works when a proper solvent used. In this experiment the solvent that used to dissolved the impurities is ethyl acetate and then using hot filtration to remove inpurities.The purity of the synthesized acetylsalicylic acid was tested by FeCl3, if there is colour change (violet colour) that means there have impurities in acetylsalicylic acid. The purity of acetylsalicylic acid was determined by melting point. In this experiment the melting range for acety lsalicylic acid is 144C-172C which is higher than commercial aspirin which is132.8C-138.9C, meaning that acetylsalicylic acid obtained in this experiment contained impurities.There have some improvement for this experiments as in used all the salicylic acid powder and ensured that there is no drop on the table. During transferring the reactants from one to another container make sure that there is no any remaining in the container. Furthermore, during filtering the aspirin by using the suction ensure that all holes on the Buchner funnel are covered for preventing the reduction of yield product.ConclusionThis experiment was back up the hypothesis suggested. When salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride will yield acetylsalicylic acid which known as aspirin. In this experiment, the limiting agent is salicylic acid. The melting point range for the acetylsalicylic acid obtained is 144C-172C, it is because it contains impurities. The theoretical yield of aspirin is 2.628g, but the ac tual yield of aspirin obtained is 0.8953g. therefore, the percentage yield of aspirin is 34.07%.