Cold War :: essays research papers

At the conclusion of the WWII Germany was divided into 4 zones of occupation controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin, the capital of Germany, was located in the Soviet controlled atom of Germany. Lack of agreement and compromise with the Soviet Union concerning the unity of Germany led to the beginning of the Cold War.The term Cold War was first used by an American Financier Bernard Baruch in a congressional debate in 1947. A cold war can be defined as a condition of tension and conflict short of an actual war as was the case with America and the Soviet Union. In June 1948 the three allies, France, Great Britain, and the United States, launch the German Federal Republic in West Germany, which they controlled. The Soviet Union however opposed any government run by any Hesperian powers and took many measures to prevent this new government from staying in power. On June 24, 1948 the soviets began a blockade of all land traffic to the west ern zone of Berlin, hoping to starve it of supplies and by chance breaking down. But the US, France, and Great Britain, would not back down to the Soviets and so they began to airlift all supplies to West Germany. After about a year on May 12, 1949 the soviets realized their defeat and ended the blockade.The United States realized that the soviets expansionist aims threatened not only Europe only if developing nations of the world as well. So in 1949 President Truman approved the Point Four Program which put aside nearly $400 million for technical development in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Truman had the idea that if these developing countries would modernize and strengthen their economies the growth of communism would be discouraged. In 1949 the United States joined with 11 other western nations in an alliance to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which provided collective security in Europe and any other part of the world but the main goal was to contain com munism. Shortly after the Soviet Union and seven other European nations joined to form an opposing alliance below the Warsaw Pact. Now practically the entire world was involved. Truman struck fear into peoples hearts when in September of 1949 he announced that the soviets had successfully exploded an atomic bomb.Meanwhile back in the United States fear of the Soviet Union and communism were rapidly growing.